------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- The Agda standard library
--
-- Solver for equations in commutative monoids
--
-- Adapted from Algebra.Solver.Monoid
------------------------------------------------------------------------

{-# OPTIONS --cubical-compatible --safe #-}

open import Algebra

module Algebra.Solver.CommutativeMonoid {m₁ m₂} (M : CommutativeMonoid m₁ m₂) where

open import Data.Fin.Base using (Fin; zero; suc)
open import Data.Maybe.Base as Maybe
  using (Maybe; From-just; from-just)
open import Data.Nat as  using (; zero; suc; _+_)
open import Data.Nat.GeneralisedArithmetic using (fold)
open import Data.Product.Base using (_×_; uncurry)
open import Data.Vec.Base using (Vec; []; _∷_; lookup; replicate)

open import Function.Base using (_∘_)

import Relation.Binary.Reasoning.Setoid as ≈-Reasoning
import Relation.Binary.Reflection as Reflection
import Relation.Nullary.Decidable as Dec
import Data.Vec.Relation.Binary.Pointwise.Inductive as Pointwise

open import Relation.Binary.Consequences using (dec⇒weaklyDec)
open import Relation.Binary.PropositionalEquality.Core as  using (_≡_)
open import Relation.Nullary.Decidable as Dec using (Dec)

open CommutativeMonoid M
open ≈-Reasoning setoid

private
  variable
    n : 

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Monoid expressions

-- There is one constructor for every operation, plus one for
-- variables; there may be at most n variables.

infixr 5 _⊕_
infixr 10 _•_

data Expr (n : ) : Set where
  var : Fin n  Expr n
  id  : Expr n
  _⊕_ : Expr n  Expr n  Expr n

-- An environment contains one value for every variable.

Env :   Set _
Env n = Vec Carrier n

-- The semantics of an expression is a function from an environment to
-- a value.

⟦_⟧ : Expr n  Env n  Carrier
 var x    ρ = lookup ρ x
 id       ρ = ε
 e₁  e₂  ρ =  e₁  ρ   e₂  ρ

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Normal forms

-- A normal form is a vector of multiplicities (a bag).

Normal :   Set
Normal n = Vec  n

-- The semantics of a normal form.

⟦_⟧⇓ : Normal n  Env n  Carrier
 []    ⟧⇓ _ = ε
 n  v ⟧⇓ (a  ρ) = fold ( v ⟧⇓ ρ) (a ∙_) n

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Constructions on normal forms

-- The empty bag.

empty : Normal n
empty = replicate _ 0

-- A singleton bag.

sg : (i : Fin n)  Normal n
sg zero    = 1  empty
sg (suc i) = 0  sg i

-- The composition of normal forms.

_•_  : (v w : Normal n)  Normal n
[]       []      = []
(l  v)  (m  w) = l + m  v  w

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Correctness of the constructions on normal forms

-- The empty bag stands for the unit ε.

empty-correct : (ρ : Env n)   empty ⟧⇓ ρ  ε
empty-correct [] = refl
empty-correct (a  ρ) = empty-correct ρ

-- The singleton bag stands for a single variable.

sg-correct : (x : Fin n) (ρ : Env n)    sg x ⟧⇓ ρ  lookup ρ x
sg-correct zero (x  ρ) = begin
    x   empty ⟧⇓ ρ   ≈⟨ ∙-congˡ (empty-correct ρ) 
    x  ε              ≈⟨ identityʳ _ 
    x                  
sg-correct (suc x) (m  ρ) = sg-correct x ρ

-- Normal form composition corresponds to the composition of the monoid.

comp-correct : (v w : Normal n) (ρ : Env n) 
               v  w ⟧⇓ ρ  ( v ⟧⇓ ρ   w ⟧⇓ ρ)
comp-correct [] [] ρ =  sym (identityˡ _)
comp-correct (l  v) (m  w) (a  ρ) = lemma l m (comp-correct v w ρ)
  where
    flip12 :  a b c  a  (b  c)  b  (a  c)
    flip12 a b c = begin
        a  (b  c)  ≈⟨ sym (assoc _ _ _) 
        (a  b)  c  ≈⟨ ∙-congʳ (comm _ _) 
        (b  a)  c  ≈⟨ assoc _ _ _ 
        b  (a  c)  
    lemma :  l m {d b c} (p : d  b  c) 
      fold d (a ∙_) (l + m)  fold b (a ∙_) l  fold c (a ∙_) m
    lemma zero zero p = p
    lemma zero (suc m) p = trans (∙-congˡ (lemma zero m p)) (flip12 _ _ _)
    lemma (suc l) m p = trans (∙-congˡ (lemma l m p)) (sym (assoc a _ _))

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Normalization

-- A normaliser.

normalise : Expr n  Normal n
normalise (var x)   = sg x
normalise id        = empty
normalise (e₁  e₂) = normalise e₁  normalise e₂

-- The normaliser preserves the semantics of the expression.

normalise-correct : (e : Expr n) (ρ : Env n) 
     normalise e ⟧⇓ ρ   e  ρ
normalise-correct (var x)   ρ = sg-correct x ρ
normalise-correct id        ρ = empty-correct ρ
normalise-correct (e₁  e₂) ρ =  begin

     normalise e₁  normalise e₂ ⟧⇓ ρ

  ≈⟨ comp-correct (normalise e₁) (normalise e₂) ρ 

     normalise e₁ ⟧⇓ ρ   normalise e₂ ⟧⇓ ρ

  ≈⟨ ∙-cong (normalise-correct e₁ ρ) (normalise-correct e₂ ρ) 

     e₁  ρ   e₂  ρ
  

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- "Tactic.

open module R = Reflection
                  setoid var ⟦_⟧ (⟦_⟧⇓  normalise) normalise-correct
  public using (solve; _⊜_)

-- We can decide if two normal forms are /syntactically/ equal.

infix 5 _≟_

_≟_ : (nf₁ nf₂ : Normal n)  Dec (nf₁  nf₂)
nf₁  nf₂ = Dec.map Pointwise-≡↔≡ (decidable ℕ._≟_ nf₁ nf₂)
  where open Pointwise

-- We can also give a sound, but not necessarily complete, procedure
-- for determining if two expressions have the same semantics.

prove′ : (e₁ e₂ : Expr n)  Maybe (∀ ρ   e₁  ρ   e₂  ρ)
prove′ e₁ e₂ =
  Maybe.map lemma (dec⇒weaklyDec _≟_ (normalise e₁) (normalise e₂))
  where
  lemma : normalise e₁  normalise e₂   ρ   e₁  ρ   e₂  ρ
  lemma eq ρ =
    R.prove ρ e₁ e₂ (begin
       normalise e₁ ⟧⇓ ρ  ≡⟨ ≡.cong  e   e ⟧⇓ ρ) eq 
       normalise e₂ ⟧⇓ ρ  )

-- This procedure can be combined with from-just.

prove :  n (e₁ e₂ : Expr n)  From-just (prove′ e₁ e₂)
prove _ e₁ e₂ = from-just (prove′ e₁ e₂)

-- prove : ∀ n (es : Expr n × Expr n) →
--         From-just (uncurry prove′ es)
-- prove _ = from-just ∘ uncurry prove′